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Battle of St. Louis
The Battle of St. Louis (Spanish ''San Luis'', also known as the Battle of Fort San Carlos) was an unsuccessful British-led attack on St. Louis (a French settlement in Spanish Louisiana, founded on the west bank of the Mississippi after the Treaty of Paris (1763)) on May 26, 1780, during the Anglo-Spanish War of 1779–1783. A force composed primarily of Indians and led by a former British militia commander attacked the settlement. The settlement's defenders, mostly local militia under the command of Lieutenant Governor of Spanish Louisiana Fernando de Leyba, had fortified the town as best they could and successfully withstood the attack.
A second simultaneous attack on the nearby American outpost at Cahokia (on the opposite bank of the Mississippi and technically in British-controlled territory), was also repulsed. The retreating Indians destroyed crops and took captive civilians outside the protected area. The British failure effectively ended their attempts to gain control of the Mississippi River during the war.
==Background==
Following the entry of Spain into the American Revolutionary War in 1779, British military planners in London wanted to secure the corridor of the Mississippi River against both Spanish and Patriot activity. Their plans included expeditions from West Florida to take New Orleans and other Spanish targets, and several expeditions to gain control of targets in the upper Mississippi, including the small town of St. Louis. The expedition from West Florida never got off the ground, since Bernardo de Gálvez, the Governor of Spanish Louisiana, had moved rapidly to gain control of British outposts on the lower Mississippi, and was threatening action against West Florida's principal outposts of Mobile and Pensacola.〔〔Nester, p. 273〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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